{"id":48024,"date":"2021-03-06T12:00:40","date_gmt":"2021-03-06T11:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cornandsoda.com\/?p=48024"},"modified":"2021-03-06T11:24:47","modified_gmt":"2021-03-06T10:24:47","slug":"kotelezo-filmek-hamu-es-gyemant-corn-and-soda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cornandsoda.com\/wp\/kotelezo-filmek-hamu-es-gyemant-corn-and-soda\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00f6telez\u0151 filmek \u2013 Hamu \u00e9s gy\u00e9m\u00e1nt (Popiol i diament, 1958)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"Hamu
Forr\u00e1s: imdb.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201eAzt szeretn\u00e9m, ha a filmem megmutatn\u00e1 a mozin\u00e9z\u0151knek az \u00e9n nemzed\u00e9kem bonyolult \u00e9s s\u00falyos val\u00f3s\u00e1g\u00e1t.\u201d \u00cdgy besz\u00e9lt a Hamu \u00e9s gy\u00e9m\u00e1nt<\/a><\/em> (Popiol i diament<\/em>, 1958) c\u00edm\u0171 alkot\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l Andrzej Wajda, a lengyel \u00faj hull\u00e1m egyik vezet\u0151 szem\u00e9lyis\u00e9ge, aki t\u00e9nyleg k\u00e9pes volt arra, hogy nemzed\u00e9ke val\u00f3s\u00e1g\u00e1t \u00e9s haz\u00e1ja t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelm\u00e9t hitelesen mutassa meg az embereknek. A saj\u00e1tos tehets\u00e9ggel \u00e9s l\u00e1t\u00e1sm\u00f3ddal alkot\u00f3 rendez\u0151, forgat\u00f3k\u00f6nyv\u00edr\u00f3 ma, 2021. m\u00e1rcius 6-\u00e1n lenne 95 \u00e9ves. Most az \u0151 \u00e9let\u00e9r\u0151l \u00e9s \u00e9letm\u0171v\u00e9r\u0151l \u2013 \u00e9s az\u00e9rt egy kicsit a lengyel \u00faj hull\u00e1mr\u00f3l is \u2013 mes\u00e9lek nektek, s a Hamu \u00e9s gy\u00e9m\u00e1nt<\/em> c\u00edm\u0171 filmj\u00e9t teszem k\u00f6telez\u0151v\u00e9 \u2013 mert ez a m\u0171 mindenn\u00e9l t\u00f6bbet mond arr\u00f3l, milyen b\u00e1tor, kompromisszumot nem ismer\u0151 \u00e9s kiv\u00e1l\u00f3 filmalkot\u00f3 is volt Andrzej Wajda.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

A Suwa\u0142ki v\u00e1ros\u00e1ban, egy lovastiszt gyermekek\u00e9nt sz\u00fcletett Andrzej Wajda alig volt 13 \u00e9ves, amikor a 1939-ben a n\u00e9metek megsz\u00e1llt\u00e1k Lengyelorsz\u00e1got. H\u00e1rom \u00e9vvel k\u00e9s\u0151bb csatlakozott az ellen\u00e1ll\u00f3khoz, az orsz\u00e1g felszabadul\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n pedig fest\u00e9szetet kezdett tanulni a krakk\u00f3i k\u00e9pz\u0151m\u0171v\u00e9szeti akad\u00e9mi\u00e1n. N\u00e9h\u00e1ny \u00e9vvel k\u00e9s\u0151bb, 1949-ben azonban \u00fagy hat\u00e1rozott: ink\u00e1bb rendez\u0151 lesz. Felv\u00e9telt is nyert a \u0142\u00f3d\u017ai filmf\u0151iskol\u00e1ra, ahol t\u00f6bb r\u00f6vidfilmet is k\u00e9sz\u00edtett, mire 1952-ben k\u00e9zhez kapta a diplom\u00e1j\u00e1t. Azt\u00e1n 1954-ben megrendezte A mi nemzed\u00e9k\u00fcnk<\/em> (Pokolenie<\/a><\/em>, 1955) c\u00edm\u0171 els\u0151 nagyj\u00e1t\u00e9kfilmj\u00e9t, amellyel r\u00f6gt\u00f6n d\u00edjat is nyert, \u00e9s amelyet az a Csatorna<\/em> (Kanal<\/a><\/em>, 1957) c\u00edm\u0171 alkot\u00e1s k\u00f6vetett, melynek sikere nyom\u00e1n Andrzej Wajda a lengyel \u00faj hull\u00e1m \u2013 m\u00e1s n\u00e9ven lengyel iskola \u2013 egyik vezet\u0151 alakj\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1lt.<\/p>\n

\"Hamu
Andrzej Wajda (Forr\u00e1s: tcm.com)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

De ha m\u00e1r itt tartunk: a lengyel filmt\u00f6rt\u00e9net egyik legfontosabb korszaka, vagyis a lengyel \u00faj hull\u00e1m tulajdonk\u00e9ppen A mi nemzed\u00e9k\u00fcnk<\/em> c\u00edm\u0171 filmmel indult. Ebben az ellen\u00e1ll\u00e1si dr\u00e1m\u00e1ban a lengyel kult\u00far\u00e1hoz, trad\u00edci\u00f3hoz val\u00f3 viszony j\u00e1tssza a legfontosabb szerepet, mely j\u00f3l p\u00e9ld\u00e1zza a korszak filmk\u00e9sz\u00edt\u0151inek legf\u0151bb t\u00f6rekv\u00e9s\u00e9t: elt\u00e1volodni a szocialista ideol\u00f3gi\u00e1t\u00f3l, melyet az 1948-as, \u201949-es \u00e9vekben er\u0151ltettek r\u00e1 a lengyel \u00e9s az eg\u00e9sz kelet-k\u00f6z\u00e9p-eur\u00f3pai filmm\u0171v\u00e9szetre. A lengyel \u00faj hull\u00e1m alkot\u00f3i \u2013 akik k\u00f6z\u00f6tt felt\u0171nt Andrzej Wajda, Andrzej Munk, Aleksander Ford \u00e9s Jerzy Kawalerowicz \u2013 b\u00e1tran szembehelyezkedtek a szocialista realizmussal, kezeik k\u00f6z\u00fcl pedig sz\u00e1mos szerz\u0151i film \u00e9s remekbe szabott irodalmi adapt\u00e1ci\u00f3 is kiker\u00fclt. Az eml\u00edtett filmk\u00e9sz\u00edt\u0151k h\u00e1rom ir\u00e1nyvonal ment\u00e9n indultak el \u2013 lengyel kult\u00far\u00e1hoz, trad\u00edci\u00f3hoz val\u00f3 viszony; racion\u00e1lis, groteszk-ironikus; pszichol\u00f3giai, egzisztencialista \u2013, filmjeikben pedig el\u0151ker\u00fclt a lengyel kult\u00far\u00e1val, t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelemmel val\u00f3 kapcsolat, a racionalizmus \u00e9s az ir\u00f3nia, tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 a l\u00e9lektan, a pszichol\u00f3gia k\u00e9rd\u00e9se is.<\/p>\n

Andrzej Wajda legsz\u00edvesebben a t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem \u00e9s a t\u00e1rsadalom igazi arc\u00e1t mutatta meg. Ezt tette a Hamu \u00e9s gy\u00e9m\u00e1nt<\/em> c\u00edm\u0171 alkot\u00e1s\u00e1val is, melyben Zbigniew Cybulski j\u00e1tssza a f\u0151h\u0151st. A k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges karakter\u0171 sz\u00edn\u00e9sz a filmnek k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151en igazi szt\u00e1rr\u00e1 v\u00e1lt: nemzeti ikon \u00e9s a kommunizmus alatt feln\u00f6v\u0151 nemzed\u00e9k h\u0151se lett. \u00c9lete \u00e9s 1967-ben bek\u00f6vetkezett tragikus hal\u00e1la ihlette Andrzej Wajda Minden elad\u00f3<\/em> (Wszystko na sprzedaz<\/a><\/em>, 1968) c\u00edm\u0171 filmj\u00e9t, amely amellett, hogy kiv\u00e1l\u00f3 portr\u00e9, alkot\u00f3i \u00e9s nemzed\u00e9ki \u00f6nvizsg\u00e1lat is. E film ut\u00e1n Andrzej Wajda visszat\u00e9rt a t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelemhez, eg\u00e9sz pontosan a m\u00e1sodik vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00fa ut\u00e1ni Lengyelorsz\u00e1g t\u00e9m\u00e1j\u00e1hoz, \u00e9s elk\u00e9sz\u00edtette a T\u00e1jk\u00e9p csata ut\u00e1n<\/em> (Krajobraz po bitwie<\/a><\/em>, 1970) c\u00edm\u0171 filmet. De a t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelmi t\u00e9ma kapcs\u00e1n meg kell eml\u00edteni a nap\u00f3leoni h\u00e1bor\u00fak idej\u00e9n j\u00e1tsz\u00f3d\u00f3 A l\u00e9gi\u00f3 <\/em>(Popioly<\/a><\/em>, 1965), valamint a gyermekek keresztes hadj\u00e1rat\u00e1t felid\u00e9z\u0151 A paradicsom kapui<\/em> (La croisade maudite<\/a><\/em>, 1968) c\u00edm\u0171 filmeket is, amelyekkel igaz\u00e1n m\u00e9lyre \u00e1sott. \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Hamu
Forr\u00e1s: themoviedb.org<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Az 1960-as \u00e9vekben bek\u00f6vetkezett politikai enyh\u00fcl\u00e9s id\u0151leges nyugalma mindezek mellett olyan b\u00e1jos filmeket is \u00e9letre h\u00edvott, mint az \u00c1rtatlan var\u00e1zsl\u00f3k<\/em> (Niewinni czarodzieje<\/a><\/em>, 1960) \u00e9s a t\u00f6bbekkel k\u00f6z\u00f6sen k\u00e9sz\u00edtett H\u00fasz\u00e9vesek szerelme <\/em>(L\u2019amour \u0155 vingt ans<\/a><\/em>, 1962). A \u201970-es \u00e9vekben azonban visszarendez\u0151d\u00f6tt a politikai terep, melynek nyom\u00e1n \u00fatnak indult a Szolidarit\u00e1si mozgalom. Andrzej Wajda ekkor sem h\u00faz\u00f3dott a h\u00e1tt\u00e9rbe: hallatta a hangj\u00e1t a politik\u00e1ban \u00e9s a nemzeti ellen\u00e1ll\u00e1s fontos alakja lett az X Filmst\u00fadi\u00f3 vezet\u0151jek\u00e9nt, tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 olyan filmek rendez\u0151jek\u00e9nt, mint A m\u00e1rv\u00e1nyember <\/em>(Czlowiek z marmuru<\/a><\/em>, 1977), az \u00c9rz\u00e9stelen\u00edt\u00e9s n\u00e9lk\u00fcl<\/em> (Bez znieczulenia<\/a><\/em>, 1979) \u00e9s A vasember <\/em>(Czlowiek z zelaza<\/a><\/em>, 1981), amelyet Lengyelorsz\u00e1g szt\u00e1linista m\u00faltj\u00e1nak \u00e9s neoszt\u00e1linista jelen\u00e9nek kompromisszumok n\u00e9lk\u00fcli, kegyetlen\u00fcl \u0151szinte bemutat\u00e1sa miatt betiltott a hatalom. E filmeket k\u00f6vet\u0151en, a nyolcvanas \u00e9vekben Andrzej Wajda sok id\u0151t t\u00f6lt\u00f6tt Nyugaton, \u201e\u00e1lemigr\u00e1ci\u00f3ban\u201d, az \u201e1989-ben a Szolidarit\u00e1si mozgalom \u00e1ltal hatalomra juttatott korm\u00e1ny idej\u00e9n azonban a szen\u00e1tus tagj\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1lasztott\u00e1k, elismerve ezzel a n\u00e9gy \u00e9vtizeden \u00e1t a nemzeti politikai \u00e9s a m\u0171v\u00e9szi \u00e9letben kifejtett tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9g\u00e9t\u201d. Andrzej Wajda \u00e9letm\u0171v\u00e9\u00e9rt Oscar-d\u00edjat is kapott.<\/p>\n

Fantasztikus, t\u00e9nyleg fantasztikus m\u0171veinek sor\u00e1b\u00f3l \u00e9n a Hamu \u00e9s gy\u00e9m\u00e1nt<\/em>ot teszem most k\u00f6telez\u0151v\u00e9 \u2013 egyr\u00e9szt az\u00e9rt, mert az egyetemen is az, m\u00e1sr\u00e9szt pedig az\u00e9rt, mert ha megn\u00e9zitek ezt a filmet, azonnal meg akartok n\u00e9zni m\u00e9g minimum k\u00e9t-h\u00e1rom m\u00e1sik Wajda-filmet is, azt\u00e1n egyszer csak azon kapj\u00e1tok majd magatokat, hogy megn\u00e9zt\u00e9tek mindet, ami beszerezhet\u0151. Velem legal\u00e1bbis \u00edgy t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt. M\u00e1sod\u00e9ves egyetemista voltam, mikor beszippantott Andrzej Wajda m\u0171v\u00e9szete, \u00e9s min\u00e9l t\u00f6bb filmj\u00e9t l\u00e1ttam, ann\u00e1l ink\u00e1bb azt \u00e9reztem: egy kicsit t\u00e9nyleg belel\u00e1tok az \u0151 nemzed\u00e9k\u00e9be, tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 Lengyelorsz\u00e1g t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelm\u00e9be.<\/p>\n

\"Hamu
Forr\u00e1s: themoviedb.org<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelmi m\u00faltba kalauzol a Hamu \u00e9s gy\u00e9m\u00e1nt<\/em>, amelynek cselekm\u00e9nye 1945. m\u00e1jus 8-\u00e1n, a Gy\u0151zelem napj\u00e1n indul. F\u0151szerepl\u0151nk Maciek, aki nem \u00fcnnepel. Egy mer\u00e9nylet v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1ra k\u00e9sz\u00fcl: meg kell \u00f6lnie egy megyei kommunista vezet\u0151t. A c\u00e9lpont azonban nincs ott a kijel\u00f6lt helyen \u00e9s id\u0151pontban. A feladatot viszont teljes\u00edteni kell, \u00edgy Maciek egy sz\u00e1llod\u00e1ban t\u00f6lti az idej\u00e9t, \u00e9s am\u00edg az \u00e1ldozatra v\u00e1r, elgondolkodik azon, milyen \u00e9letre v\u00e1gyik. Az 1958-as film egy s\u00falyos t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelmi dilemm\u00e1t mutat be, s benne Andrzej Wajda m\u0171v\u00e9szk\u00e9nt \u00e9s emberk\u00e9nt is arr\u00f3l elm\u00e9lkedik, mik\u00e9ppen lehet t\u00fall\u00e9pni a h\u00e1bor\u00fan \u00e9s a szt\u00e1linizmuson.<\/p>\n

Mi\u00e9rt k\u00f6telez\u0151 megn\u00e9zni? <\/strong>Mert a lengyel \u00faj hull\u00e1m, valamint a lengyel \u00e9s az egyetemes filmt\u00f6rt\u00e9net egyik legfontosabb \u00e9s megker\u00fclhetetlen alkot\u00e1sa, amely a t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelemr\u0151l mes\u00e9lve a m\u00e1r\u00f3l is besz\u00e9l.<\/p>\n

Forr\u00e1s: Oxford Filmenciklop\u00e9dia\/Film- \u00e9s m\u00e9diafogalmak kissz\u00f3t\u00e1ra\/Eur\u00f3pai filmt\u00f6rt\u00e9net kurzus anyaga<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":925,"featured_media":48028,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7524,7521],"tags":[13662,13659,6377,13658,13660,13661,6487],"class_list":["post-48024","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kotelezo-filmek","category-mozgokep","tag-a-mi-nemzedekunk","tag-andrzej-wajda","tag-eletrajz","tag-hamu-es-gyemant","tag-lengyel-iskola","tag-lengyel-uj-hullam","tag-tortenelem"],"yoast_head":"\nK\u00f6telez\u0151 filmek \u2013 Hamu \u00e9s gy\u00e9m\u00e1nt (Popiol i diament, 1958)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A Hamu \u00e9s gy\u00e9m\u00e1nt a lengyel \u00faj hull\u00e1m, valamint a lengyel \u00e9s az 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